Systematic toxicological approaches that employ both ideology changes and improvements in instrumentation and sample extraction allow for improved toxicology testing efficiency through lower sensitivities, higher specificity and minimized resource use. Historically, the San Francisco Office of the Chief Medical Examiner relied heavily on a GC-MS testing regime, comprised of individual drug-class confirmation and quantitation assays. Traditional methods utilizing GC-MS typically require iterations of testing, exhausting sample volume, and hindering productivity and turnaround times.